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ά˶ࡤʦȻǰеһϷ˽ҲܶĺһƵһңѧһ飬ͲǸ˱ơ
дС˵ģʦһеĴʱ䵱ȻԸԼΪʫ˺;ңһ˯1830дɵʫ裬ij̶ֳΪʫ˵ʵԼʫص㣬ңעк.
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ΪıȽԵʣҵĴʱδκ˳˼ЩıҪˣʱ˿ҲǾۼСֻʱһDZȿֺ߽ļС
ֵһǣǰʱֳһܴijţǶһλеλӰĴʫ˶ԣҪȫϾ罻Dzܵġ
˵ʵļĬʵĻŸġ
˵дŹȥʾҪݷһʱԷǴӦ£Ȼʦû̫£δʱ䣬ʱλһͬǰ
Ͼϸ˵δڰ̳վȽŸָ߶Ȧûˣټʵ̫ᣬȷʵúܶ˶֪ӦĹԴ֮һȥ֮£һôˡ
ԴDz⣬ǻһΪһʱڵǸʲôӡ
ϸ˵һʱ1848꣬ҲһdzҪת۵㡣
ΪץڴˣڳĬͬʱֿʼдһС˵ˡһѾǩͬҷŷʡյıʷдС˵
ҶΪܳⲿһΪááС˵
ŷʡˣһʱڵķһλܴijҲDZȽҪңͬʱҲǰͶʦıȽϺͼʶţ֮ȷʵΪͶڼʵĶѾ
ŷʡյҷŵ̸ɣ֮ĿǰдⲿС˵ΪһЩ鲢δд꣬˺ΪһЩ۸һжģֱ1862꣬ԡ硷һֳ档
Բ̫Ͻ˵һµĻǾûбڴôпܾûⱾˣȿ.
1848꣬ŵ˵Ϊ1848֮һϵ¼ŵԳɾΰΪģֻ1848֮ǰ˵һȷʵû̫ë
ʼʱܵ˵ıӰ죬ȻҲDZɣǿ蹦̵µʫģǵȵĩڣֱһλɣȨ
ɵȵ1830ʱûָıΪĺӵ֮һ
еȻôˣôڱУȷʵǷСֱ1848ĵһϵв׳¼Уĵָебˣ˵̬ijϷһηԾ
ʼ˳ʮҲӵͬȨ
ڷ1789굽1871ܹ꣬һʱ;۹Ĺ˵ʲô㷴ţƣҷѣ
˵ڴҶԣһöٵѫ£ǵΪһָеֵۣܿDzǣڵνңΪйᣬԼΪС
֮ijϴˢά˶ࡤϵһг裬Ϊ˿ƲĻ
Dzò˵ǣʱӹʵУһλңôѫ´žDZŵǣֶȻǸҪһǣҲ˵ûû.
һ־籾ôʺͳˣ
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г˲Σյ뷨ʱԶЩͬڵȴͽ̸ǣ֪ʱѾЩɲؿߣҲܿijԼԱߵµݡ
ոտֽԵʣǶʱЩɲ
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ֽϲǶѾд𣿸˵ʲôʲôֻǸгƵһңǰΰںεأ
ˣλϲۺʱεضڿҫԼչʾǿЦװԼųԼʱλпʲôǸӣľսѧУĺӣŮ˵ζû
Ӧ˵˵ڶҪķ˶Ҫ
ǾƲˣɣȴֵһ
ݷʲôΪԼIJĶͯ˰ɣƪС˵ҲǣȥʵڿտҲûгĸҲûзḻõǾġʵټһϷ绯ַҪ˵ûʲô˲ĵط
дС˵϶ҲܵģһǸԸĴ½ҵĴʵĵ·
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ֹһҪǶ״أũūһǺһij
ΪDzδ̫εԵʣҲǺܿͲDZߵĶЩͷԵʱעɻΪһ£
֪ģǶͬĹϵȷʵôټ϶һֱ˶.˵С˵ڷȡóɹˡ
ѧҪǶ̫ˣΪߵѧ״ܺõԵʣټϼûôõȷʵܹƾԽ˼ʺν洦ɼ
˵Ҳ̲סҡҡͷż
ȻһʼдС˵ϣܹڰгпǶЩ˵ܾдĶȱȲС˵ҵƷȲʫϷƷˣƫƫǴʫϷŬ
ʵ˵ȻС˵˳ɹҲϲطʼʱãijɹЩ˲Ʒ䳰ȷѹͲ˵ĻЩһǼֱûʲôˣ
ɵһǶĴҶ֪㲻ЩЩ̱ķˣȺеλͼʵܹˡ
ƺڰ̳罻ԸΪ˸ԼģʱȥЩˣʵDz٣Ϊ⣬ûڹڳ˵顱
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Ļ˼ص˵ͷŻ˵ʲôҵĴǶȺ˳ˣ״Ҳδٶ˵ʲôǸһȥ
ع۲Ϊ˼ݵլۡʱǰţƺΪʲô˾ȵһ㣬Ȼ̲סС̾һ£
DzŮ𣿽쾹ȻҲһδŮ
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Щʫ赱лһѵľƷ
ʱڵĻĴŮѾȥôЩ˵ȻǰһλòѵͬʱΪŮˡ
Ҳ˵ںͶռпġδŮӡڽźǶۡ
ȻȿȻɫأһüԵʦհһ⸱İЩϤٺһλֻʮĹһۡ
ɫ۾ͦεıС̳ɷٵĺɫͷƺǸһŵ
ֻһۺܿջԼĿ⣬ʮĹٶɱ̬Ҫ
еĺʵѾIJˣȥЩĬҲûʲôһλ˽̫Ȥò϶ھߣջǸҵһ̫עĿλ
ֵһǣΪİױȽۣڷ̳ȷʵС֮ʦȻ̫˵ܹ黹dzͬ䣬˸к
ڸǾûˣϾҪ˵ĻΪȦˣοȻѾλ˵С˵㲻̫ۣףʫϷͲһ£ѧԭƺҲС
֮ܶǻһģû̫˵ģοȷʵѡ
֮ʱҪӴһ¿ˣȻҪһȽŵϢԳĬܶһ֪Ȼָʲôʱֱӱڸˣһλ˵µ顣
עҲû̫ϣŮȴЩضЩİ֮ۡԶۣȻƺرųȦӵУһȥеǿһȴ̩Ȼƺµų˵̸
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ΪԼĽͼͥԵʣСdzͬʱȷʵϣԼһ˻ӭ
Ȼ㲻ʲôܿ죬㽫Լע˱ĵط
ĻȻղѾ˵ôʱ˿϶Ҳȥƨɣڳ˿ȫһŭĸ߰Ϸ˱˵ĶԻ
ûãеλͷصİͼȻľٶȻǺܿڳ˵ע⣬ЩȫһϷ顣
ʵ֤ȷʵϷЧֻλ˵˻ﻰЩ˼òػظ˼λ˵Ҳе㲻̫Ծ
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˰ͼЩʵЩƷгֵƺũūΪʵѾرܲ𣿱Ͼֻжӵ˶ūأŶԣƽЩ¡
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˵Ļ⻰ˣǵƺһ£½½˹ʱȴѾ˵
Ȼ˵IJƶߺǼȲͬʱҲʮֱӵġһ⣬ǷõǮƺߵλǷԸΪЩƴȫҪܶණ
ⲻǷϻ
˶ҪЩʲôɳܵĵط𣿡
ΪǰıӶеŭİͼշ꣬һۺ˵ȥôūҪͶʱ䣬ϣĺܶණЩͬһУΪʲôأǾͲЩū
ڱȳΪūˣDzӦöָָ㣬ЩΪūǷҪ
ͬʱȳΪū˲ȥˣôΪū˾ʲôأ
ұΪֻһֵİ裬û뵽Ȼ趼ˡ
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ܱⷬ˵ЩĿɿڴͼŬЩѶȲߣұʲôǣԼ鶼дˣӢDzڵģֻǷõķ
ûб𣿡
˵ע£ͻȻһڳ˶ƺijɵ˼ʲô˼ĪʲôʱѾ»˷ȻЦ˵
һǧǰйΰʫдˡơײʫ裬ƺ֮ˮ.ͬһʱڣͬΰʫ˶Ÿдž·ж.
ڴԼǧǰйʫܼʫд˶˶ʳ.
ڳͬһеʫҺͬκ̸һ̸ҶЩʫĿ
ܴشģȴֻһļž
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